Animal Phisiology

The word life is the essence of the biological sciences, and yet has no clear definition. We seem to recognize instinctively what is alive and what is not alive on Earth, but we founder when contemplating how alien life on another planet could be recognized. How might we define life? Most attempts to define it focus on the functions of living systems, that is, on the dynamic processes that life forms have and that nonliving things do not. Living things organize themselves using energy and raw materials from their surroundings (a set of processes called metabolism), maintain integrity in the face of disturbances (a process called homeostasis), and reproduce. Such abilities are what physiology is all about—the study of the functions of organisms, or how life works.

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